About Autism
Together we can create an inclusive and accepting world by simply taking some time to learn and understand more about the people who make up our diverse community!
What is Autism?
Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a lifelong condition that can affect how people behave and interact with the world around them.
Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterised by differences in social skills, communication and behaviour.
This means that people with Autism experience differences in the way they communicate and interact socially, and their behaviour may be repetitive or highly focussed (the term ‘restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour’ is often used to describe this). People with Autism also tend to experience differences with their senses that can affect the way they feel about and respond to their surroundings. Autism is not a disease or illness.
Every person experiences Autism differently and has different support needs. ‘Spectrum’ refers to the wide range of characteristics, skills and abilities that different people with Autism have. No two people are affected by Autism in exactly the same way. Although the core characteristics of Autism can cause a range of challenges, it is important to recognise that they can also result in unique skills and capabilities.
While Autism is a life-long condition, with appropriate and tailored support, children and Adults with Autism can make significant progress and live fulfilling lives. Consequently, it is imperative that people with Autism have access to specialist services that understand their needs and are experienced in developing their skills and strengths.
What are the causes of Autism?
There is no single known cause of Autism. Science suggests that there are likely several causes with strong links to developmental and genetic factors.
Although researchers have identified a number of genes associated with Autism, there is current consensus that no one genetic difference is shared by all people on the Autism Spectrum. Researchers continue to explore causal factors, including other biological and environmental influences, in order to advance our understanding of Autism.
Intensive research over the past 70 years has led to an understanding that Autism is not merely one condition with one cause. Rather it is a collective term for a range of shared characteristics which combine and interact in a way that is unique to each person, highlighting the importance of individualised supports and services.
How many people have Autism?
It is estimated that 1 in 100 people in Australia have Autism.
In 2022 there were 290,900 Autistic Australians, a 41.8% increase from the 205,200 in 2018 (Source: ABS SDAC 2022– Autism in Australia).
This means that if you have Autism you are not alone. And, if you do not have Autism yourself it is likely that you will meet or have already met someone who does.
Currently, males are 3.5 times more likely to have Autism than females (Source: ABS SDAC 2018 – Autism in Australia).
The increase in prevalence rates does not necessarily mean that Autism is on the rise. Rather, it is likely that increased Autism awareness and understanding, with resultant changes to the diagnostic criteria, has led to better identification of Autism characteristics.
Talking About Autism
When diagnosing Autism, the term Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is used by allied health professionals and are also referred to for funding and diagnostic purposes. ‘Spectrum’ refers to the wide range of characteristics, skills and abilities that different people with Autism have.
We are aware that some people like to be referred to as an Autistic person, while others prefer the person-first approach i.e. person with Autism. In recognition of the different perspectives, we conducted a survey to find out how the people we support would like to be referred to when referencing Autism. The results of the survey are listed below:
Respondents:
- 73% of respondents were parents, family members or carers
- 27% of respondents were Autistic individuals/ individuals with Autism
Preferred terminology:
- 63% preferred person with Autism or did not have a preference
- 30% preferred Autistic
- 7% responded other
Following the results, we use both person-first language and identity-first language to recognise the different preferences that exist. When speaking to individuals, we recommend asking which language they would prefer you to use and adjusting accordingly.
Autism Diagnosis
Being able to access support and services often relies on the full diagnostic process being completed. A team of relevant specialists is needed to diagnose Autism in Western Australia.
The professionals involved in the assessment vary depending on the person’s age. For children, the diagnostic team is made up of a Paediatrician, Psychologist and Speech Pathologist. For adults, a Psychiatrist and Psychologist collaborate to complete the assessment, and involve a Speech Pathologist if required. A referral from a General Practitioner is usually required to start the process.
Understanding Autism
Myth Busters
There are some commonly held beliefs about Autism which we know to be untrue. These misconceptions arise from lack of understanding and can create challenges for individuals.
Signs of Autism
Autism is most often diagnosed in early childhood. For some people however, the signs may not be as clear, and it might not be until later in life that the question of Autism even comes up. Learn about the signs of Autism and the key differences experienced for individuals with Autism.Click here to know more of the common signs of Autism including those for young children, adults, and girls.
Autism Support Strategies
There is no one size fits all strategy to supporting a person with Autism. Like you and me, we are different and learn differently. Because everyone is different, a strategy that works for one person may not necessarily work in the same way for another. Click here to find out some of the know the types of strategies that can support individuals with Autism and the evidence-based supports and approach we at the Autism Association use.
Understanding Behaviour
Behaviour is a form of communication that can convey an important message. Behaviour is all about how we act or behave in a situation or under particular conditions. So, to understand behaviour we need to look beyond what we merely see on the surface. It’s important to remember that the individual may be experiencing difficulties that you are not aware of. Click here to learn how you can understand Autism behaviours.